烟草在线据《耶路撒冷邮报》报道编译　　以色列卫生部正在履行自己对世界卫生组织应尽的关于烟草自动售卖机的义务。

　　从2014年1月1日开始，在以色列全国范围内，通过室内和室外的自动售卖机出售卷烟将被宣布为非法。《耶路撒冷邮报》获悉，以色列卫生部正在努力实施这项最初在2011年8月通过，但却因自动售卖公司称“需要时间调整”而被推迟到2014年初执行的法律。

　　通过禁止向成年人和未成年人（按照法律，未成年人不许购买卷烟）出售卷烟，以色列卫生部履行了世界卫生组织限制自动售卖机的义务，该国签署和批准了《烟草控制框架公约》。

　　《烟草控制框架公约》是世界卫生组织主持下磋商的第一个公约，其目标是通过提供一个烟草控制措施的框架，保护当代人和后人，防止他们的健康遭到破坏，防止他们受到烟草消费带来的社会、环境与经济后果的影响，防止他们接触到烟草烟雾。

　　签署并批准了《烟草控制框架公约》的国家，应该在国家、地区和国际层面上执行该公约的准则。

　　以色列在2005年8月批准了这项公约，成为第77个批准《烟草控制框架公约》的国家。到2012年3月，有174个国家已经批准了这项公约。由于美国的烟草游说力量十分强大，美国尚未批准《烟草控制框架公约》。

　　但以色列和以色列卫生部尚未执行《烟草控制框架公约》的所有规定，包括一项要求所有卷烟要以带有肮脏的沾满尼古丁渍的牙齿的图片，或腐烂的肺部图片的平装出售，以阻止青年人吸烟的法规。

　　甚至现行法律在以色列都没有得到适当地执行，包括禁止出售单支烟，使儿童无法花很少的钱就能买到卷烟的法律，而且也未能阻止在耶路撒冷的有棚顶公共汽车站和轻轨站内吸烟。

　　自动售卖机的业主们就这项法律向以色列高等法院提起上诉，但法院驳回了他们的上诉理由，并坚持认为，禁止卷烟自动售卖机的法律对公共健康和降低儿童和青少年沾染吸烟这种致命性的习惯的可能性非常重要。以色列卫生部请求地方政府委员会和市政府，以及以色列警署确保自动售卖机到2014年1月1日前消失。理论上讲，这种自动化装置可以经过改装出售其他物品，例如出售瓶装水、袋装水果或蔬菜等。

Tobacco Vending Machines to be Outlawed in Israel Next Month

　　Health Ministry is carrying out its obligation regarding vending machines to the World Health Organization.

　　Starting January 1, the sale of cigarettes from indoor and outdoor vending machines will be outlawed throughout the country. The Health Ministry is working towards enforcing the law, which was originally passed in August 2011 but whose implementation was postponed until the beginning of 2014 because the vending companies said they "needed time to adjust," The Jerusalem Post has learned.

　　By prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to adults and to minors - who by law are not allowed to purchase cigarettes - the ministry thus carries out its obligation regarding vending machines to the World Health Organization, whose Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) it approved and then ratified.

　　The FCTC is the first treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO and aims to protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke by providing a framework for tobacco control measures.

　　Those who sign and and ratify the FCTC are supposed to implement its guidelines at national, regional and international levels.

　　Israel ratified it in August 2005, becoming the 77th country to do so. By March 2012, 174 countries had ratified it. Due to the strong tobacco lobby in the US, that country has not yet approved the FCTC.

　　But Israel and the ministry have not implemented all the FCTC's provisions, including a regulation that would require all cigarette packages to be sold in plain packages with graphic images of dirty, nicotine-stained teeth or decayed lungs, for example, which would deter young people from smoking.

　　Even existing laws are not enforced properly in Israel, including the ban on selling single cigarettes so that children cannot get them cheaply and the failure to prevent smoking at covered bus stops and at light rail stations in Jerusalem.

　　The vending machine owners appealed to the High Court of Justice against the law, but the court rejected their arguments and insisted that the law banning cigarette vending machines was very important for public health and for reducing the accessibility of children and teens to the deadly habit of smoking. The ministry has asked the Council of Local Authorities and the municipalities, as well as the Israel Police, to ensure that the vending machines disappear by January 1. Theoretically, the automated devices could be retrofitted to sell things like bottles of water or bags of fruit or vegetables, for example. Enditem