烟草在线据RIA Novosti报道编译　　5月2日，接受Prime新闻社调查的烟酒行业的重要人物说，俄罗斯总统的经济助手阿卡迪·德沃科维奇所提倡的酒类产品与烟草消费税的快速上提，可能会使俄罗斯的假冒与替代产品增加。

　　在5月2日接受俄罗斯新闻社的一次采访中，阿卡迪·德沃科维奇要求将酒类产品与烟草消费税提高到超出计划的水平。

　　不过，业内人士说，这个提议是不明智的。

　　酒类产品制造商联合会主席Dmitry Dobrov说，消费税只有在市场上没有假冒酒类产品和替代品时才应该被提高。

　　他说：“消费者购买力并没有发生根本性的变化。如果大幅度地提高消费税，结果导致价格大涨，那购买商品的人就可以选择：要么购买合法但非常昂贵的产品，要么购买非法但便宜的产品。”

　　他说，合法酒类产品的价格越高，贸易商通过生产和销售非法酒类产品获得的钱就越多。

　　联邦与地区酒类产品市场研究中心主任Vadim Drobiz也持这样的观点。

　　他说：“甚至现在的相对于最低平均工资而言，要比一些欧洲国家高的酒类产品价格水平，也是造成市场上出现50%假冒产品的原因，而在过去两至三年时间里，消费税的上提已经使这个数字增加到了63%。”他还补充说，消费税上提将会使假冒与替代酒类产品的比例在2014年时增加到75%。

　　Drobiz说，俄罗斯政府应该将创造烈性酒类产品的替代产品，最好是创造葡萄酒和低酒精含量的饮料替代品作为优先考虑的事情。

　　俄罗斯烟草新闻社领导人Maksim Korolyov说，俄罗斯市场上的假冒卷烟所占的份额目前还小，但如果政府不能使烟草消费税与由俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦组成的关税联盟成员国保持一致的话，这种情况可能会发生变化。

　　他说：“当白俄罗斯的卷烟在俄罗斯边境地区出售时，我们就可以发现迹象。”他补充说，在俄罗斯，一包过滤嘴卷烟的平均售价最低为20卢布，而相比之下，在白俄罗斯的售价为3至4卢布。

　　日本烟草国际公司在俄罗斯的公关董事Anatoly Vereshchagin也附和他的看法。Anatoly Vereshchagin说：“如今，俄罗斯与关税联盟的成员国之间的烟草价格水平已经出现了相当大的不平衡。”

　　“最后，随着消费税负担的进一步增加，以及在俄罗斯制造的卷烟的可购买性降低，俄罗斯消费者对白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦工厂制造的较便宜产品的需求只会增长。”

Russian Excise Duty Hikes to Spur Contraband - Business

　　The rapid rise in alcohol and tobacco excise duties advocated by Russian presidential economic aide Arkady Dvorkovich is likely to increase the number of fake and surrogate products in Russia, alcohol and tobacco business figures polled by Prime news agency said on Wednesday.

　　In an interview with RIA Novosti on Wednesday, Dvorkovich called for increased alcohol and tobacco excise duties above the planned level.

　　Industry figures said, however, that the proposal was inexpedient.

　　Union of Alcohol Producers chairman Dmitry Dobrov said excise duties should be raised only when the market was free of fake alcohol products and surrogates.

　　"Consumer purchasing power has not changed radically. With a sharp growth in excise duties and, as a result, sharp growth in prices, the buyer will have an alternative: either to buy legal but very expensive or illegal and cheap products," he said.

　　The higher the price of legal alcohol, the more money dealers will get from production and sale of illegal alcohol, he said.

　　His opinion was shared by Center of Federal and Regional Alcohol Market Studies director Vadim Drobiz.

　　"Even the existing level of alcohol prices, which is higher than in some European countries relative to minimum average wages, was the cause for up to 50 percent of fake products on the market, while the growth of excise duties in the past two to three years has pushed this figure up to 63 percent," he said, adding the excise duty hikes would increase the proportion of fake and surrogate alcohol to 75 percent in 2014.

　　Drobiz said the Russian government should prioritize creating an alternative to strong alcoholic drinks by preferences to wine and low alcoholic beverages.

　　Maksim Korolyov, head of the Russian Tobacco news agency, said the share of fake tobacco on the Russian market was small at present, but this could change if the government failed to harmonize tobacco excise duties with member countries of the Customs Union comprising Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.

　　"We can already see the first signs when Belarusian cigarettes are sold in Russian border regions," he said, adding that an average filtered cigarette pack cost a minimum of 20 rubles in Russia compared with 3-4 rubles in Belarus.

　　He was echoed by Anatoly Vereshchagin, Japan Tobacco International's communications director in Russia. "Already today there is a considerable imbalance between tobacco price levels in Russia and the Customs Union countries."

　　"Eventually, with the further increase in the excise duty burden and the lower affordability of cigarettes produced in Russia, the demand of Russian consumers for cheaper products made by Belarusian and Kazakh factories will only grow."